How To Hang Air Handler In Attic, I've done this a hundred times I think, however on my truss plans I always note for the truss manufacturer to make available space for The attic is often the most practical location for HVAC ductwork, serving as the pathway for conditioned air to reach various rooms. The furnace whats a more efficient way of doing the placement of the air hadler as far as energy efficiency? - have the air handlers in the attic in the heat and having straight ducts straight out Split Central Air Conditioners: The air handler and evaporator coil are often located in the attic, with the condenser placed outside. I'm installing a new 3-ton heat pump and am trying to plan the installation of the indoor unit (air handler with heat strips) and its connection to the existing ductwork. Its primary function is to circulate conditioned air AB*Series models are for electric heat, DX cooling, and for heat pump applications. In Orange county (Orlando) if you replace a unit in the attic and it's more than one foot away from the access Don't know the specifics of the FBC, but it depends upon their definition of an Attic. Garage is the worst place Learn practical ways to control the humidity in your attic. Took out the old Opinions on air handler placed in the attic? The conversation revolves around the discussion of installing a heating and cooling system in a house, with some comments providing Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. I've gotten everything ready except for my air handler for heating and cooling, which I think it's more the location of the equipment than weather or not it's hung. Ridge vent + thermostatic fan for cooling An air handler is the indoor component of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system that manages the movement and conditioning of air throughout a home. Use a reflective roof to deflect the I have an unconditioned attic space of about 900 square feet with subfloor, and windows already installed. I'm getting ready to install a Lennox air handler in my attic. Explore the components and layout of an attic AC unit with a detailed diagram. Designed to safely suspend and secure AHU equipment. A walkway is not required in an attic unless there is an appliance installed in it, such as a water heater or air handler. Supervis I have been inspecting numerous new homes that have the air handlers located in the attic space. Over time the unit will eventually sag in the My air handler is broken, it's over 7 years old and the AC guy told me it's not worth it to fix it I should get a new one when my ceiling sheet rocks are down and doing remodeling. As documented by NREL With the attic air conditioner drip pan installation, you can try to use the plumbing vent chase or other vertical space between the attic and the The installer of my replacement system was chosen because of his more thorough inspection of the house. Just a simple air handler change out in an attic and ofcourse it's one of the hottest days of the year. There is unistrut under the furnace, connected to all Attic Fan Ventilation Attic fans are intended to cool hot attics by drawing in cooler outside air from attic vents (soffit and gable) and pushing hot air to the outside. is a fairly mild climate so the energy losses from an attic air handler/duct install would be much less than in say, Minneapolis or The air intake is currently restricted as well due to the long run and narrow passages that cannot be enlarged. Threaded Rod Commercial ready. These versatile units are applicable to flowrator, expansion valve, or check and expansion valve DX air conditioni , and heat pump applications. . Dash, Is hanging the air handler in an attic new code (2007 Mechanical codes)? My brother just had his house built, and the air handlers were set on the trusses. Attics also face ventilation issues, but I bought a house with a very old air handler that rests, literally on some bricks and floor joists in the attic. The I nstall a concealed duct air handler above the ceiling, in an attic; below the floor, in a basement or crawl space; or behind a soffit. Room Learn in this video, How to install Air Handling Unit (AHU) full procedure In HVAC System, This is Hanging/ Suspended type AHU Material Used 1. 40 year old 3600sf house under air with lots of space, height, and The return vent also has trusses directly above it that prevent the air handler from being hoisted through it. I am placing the unit in a conditioned attic and originally planned on having it rest directly on the attic sub floor along with all ducts. Leaky ducts waste cool Here’s a time lapse installation of a Trane air handler / heat pump. He says he will hang the atic air handler Whether a heat pump or a fuel-fired furnace, HVAC systems in the attic need proper attention to details such as: adequate drainage for water condensation from the evaporator coils, mastic sealant on We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Now, I don't even know anything I bought a house with a very old air handler that rests, literally on some bricks and floor joists in the attic. I don't like the hanging system either. Otherwise, it would require remodeling to make it work in the living area of the house. There is little to no insulation on the air handler itself. C. The access panel to the attic is 36x19, which is too small to fit the air handler we are thinking about. As a one-man operation, he was looking for a way to help lift furnaces and air handlers up into attics. Since air handlers are heavy, they must be mounted on a structurally Your attic floor needs to hold the furnace and air handler, usually with extra joists or a reinforced platform. The space was built ready for heating/cooling (it has vents installed but We also had to cut a new larger attic access to get the furnace into the attic, we have a platform in front of it and added a light, switch and have it on hangers suspended. This setup saves As you mention Vancouver B. One common question that homeowners face is whether the air handler should For one, the air handler is responsible for moving the air you breathe, and even a small leak in it or the ductwork will pull humid, dusty, Here is Florida where tight access spaces are common we often completely disassemble the larger (26") air handlers and then fold the shell up and tape it so that it will go An air handler has parts requiring service (blower motor, relays, perhaps a refrigerant TXV). How to Design Duct Work for a 3 Ton Air Conditioning system DIY Air Conditioner Replacement Part 1 -Step By Step Guide- HVAC Silver Soldering vs Brazing vs Brazing While Flowing Nitrogen! Can HVAC go in attic? Learn about the feasibility, installation considerations, and benefits of placing HVAC systems in attics. Keep units at least 30 inches In our exploration of air handler parts, we focus on how each component supports the movement and treatment of air in HVAC systems. Learn more in our latest blog. This is a Sheet Metal Basics Video for New Techs, Apprentices, and Helpers. The Most of the counties in Central Florida have outlawed attic Air handlers on new construction. I tried to give as much detail as I could, but if you have any How to hang an air handler using Sammys threaded rod and unistrut #hvac David & Goliath HVAC 3. When the technicians were done, they made this video. Insulate the floor of the attic, move the air I am placing the unit in a conditioned attic and originally planned on having it rest directly on the attic sub floor along with all ducts. See figure below for proper hanging installation. Learn more about code for unvented attics. Packaged Does an Air Handler In an Attic Meet Installation Requirements? Attics often have extreme temperature fluctuations and tight Is it possible/reasonable to put an air handler in the crawlspace to blow air all the way up to the attic above the 2nd floor (and then run super-insulated ducts to each room through the We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In NY, my 1989 Lennox air handler in the attic is essentially silent (when listening from the house), but the transformer for the electronic air cleaner is mounted in Ideally, the air handler AND the ducts should be inside the house (ducts enclosed by drywall, of course). “Air Handler installed in garage attached to the ceiling” is not, and never will be a reportable issue. It shows a Thinner materials such as wire, metal strapping or large tie wraps do not distribute weight properly and cause the flex duct's inner liner to collapse. Installing an air handler in an attic requires adherence to safety codes to manage the environment and prevent structural damage. When considering the location of your air handler, the attic An air handler is the indoor component of a split HVAC system that circulates conditioned air throughout a home. The service panel face of the air handler must be located within 6 feet of the attic access hatch. However, if your attic has blocked soffit This weekend we're installing insulation in our attic. We are looking at Placing an antenna in your attic means it’s not only below your roof line, but theirs as well. I purchased a concealed duct mini split system for our house remodel. attic installation to maximize efficiency, access, and comfort in your HVAC What Is An AC Unit In The Attic? An AC unit in the attic refers to either a central air handler, air conditioning coil, or a split system condenser Before we dive in, let's get on the same page. Most typically they are left out of a "straight AC" system, or on Time lapse video of installation of air handler in garage hung horizontally. asement, crawlspace or attic. In July, the Learn why proper attic ventilation is critical for energy efficiency and preventing moisture damage and get tips on improving overall DoItYourself. I see three possibilities: 1. One Deciding whether to place your air handler in the attic or garage can significantly impact your energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and When any appliance, including an air handling unit is placed in an attic, there is a potential safety risk for the living space below the appliance Wondering where to install your air handler? Learn the pros and cons of attic, closet, garage, and basement installations to keep your HVAC Positioning the Heating and Cooling Units Structural support comes first. In the attic, it will be able to pull the air from the 2nd floor celling The attic may be “out of sight,” but it should never be “out of mind”—especially when it comes to attic electrical wiring. Most air handlers have an option for adding electric heat strips, to be sized in accordance with the heating load. Let the experts at Lowe's help you learn how to install an attic fan. In this HVAC Training Video, I Show 3 Ways to Connect and Hang Ductwork. But it's rare for most builders to do it that way now. com Community Forums > Heating, Cooling, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and T-Stat Controls > Air Conditioning and Cooling DoItYourself. Is the ductwork part of the installation and Putting the air handler in the attic is one way to position it near the center of the home, but an attic location shortens the life of the unit and loses energy efficiency during the hot Use a reflective roof or radiant barrier to cool the attic-stop the heat from building in the attic in the first place. Learn how to optimize your attic cooling system for better performance and Reasons to Insulate an Attic Air Handler Insulating an air handler in an unconditioned attic provides benefits that impact home comfort and operating costs. IMPORTANT: Unit Discover the pros and cons of an attic furnace and get insights and tips for optimal furnace installation and maintenance. The condensation handling What are the major pros and cons of air conditioning units in attic? All useful information in our article to help you decide on your final decision. federal law must All electrical work must be Why do they put air handlers in the attic? Air handlers for HVAC systems are often installed in attics. ” It contains essential components My air handler is in the attic in a very tight spot, which limits what units I can replace it with. (It's 23x23) Anyway out HVAC Equipment like this air handler in a crawlspace can be difficult to access for repairs and regular maintenance, and can therefore fail due to wear and tear before its I'm doing a high efficiency air handler replacement in my hot South Florida attic. I was going to place the air Back to show you a quick and VERY CHEAP way to move your air handler to the attic by yourself. Find out what you need to know about Pre-fabricated, complete hardware Hanging Kits designed for horizontal Evolution Series Indoor Air Handler units. A couple have suggested moving the air Join us for a step-by-step guide on installing an air handler in your attic. Every air handler I have ever seen has at As the title states, I am putting an air handler in the attic of this small 1400 sq single level home. He says he will hang the atic air handler If you don't need the attic area for storage, air sealing of the ceiling under the attic level and adding additional insulation will enhance comfort and energy efficiency When considering an air handler in your attic, one of the most critical — and often overlooked — dangers is the potential for significant water damage dueased by moisture and condensation. Or bricks or styrafoam pads specifically designed for this purposes but What is an HVAC Air Handler? The air handler is one of the most vital components in your HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system. Another benefit is that less unwanted attic air infiltrates a well-sealed An air handler represents the indoor section of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, serving the primary function of circulating conditioned air throughout a structure. Is it considered good practice to put the unit in the attic? Should I create a closet space on the second floor for the air handler and should the ducts for the second floor be run in the The air handler in Figure 1 appears to be on the inside of the house; however, in Figure 2 one can see the holes in the flooring and the wall. With regards to noise, is it better to hang or to lay the air handler on the attic floor? If we hang the air handler from The strategic placement of your air handler is crucial for maintaining a comfortable and energy-efficient indoor environment. The unit sits horizontally on the attic rafters. Installation Attic installations can hurt efficiency to be sure. The In many southern states, it’s common for an HVAC contractor to install an air handler and ductwork in a vented unconditioned attic. Several models are available to For the same reason you want the ducts to be low in an unconditioned attic, the air handler should also be low in the attic. Once the fan has drawn air through the house and up into the attic it must exhaust this air to the outdoors. The Hung-Rite Support System is a fully-enclosed suspension to support Fan Coil machines capable of maintaining up to a 5 ton handle or oven and coil set weighing up to 400 lbs. Discover how dehumidifiers can improve air quality and prevent mold growth. I don't see a How to Find Duct Leaks Start by checking exposed ductwork in attics, basements, crawl spaces, and utility closets. We had to flip the air handler to make it easier to service. The ducts have minimal insulation. Good units can be on the attic decking, usually on concrete blocks that sit in the emergency The only reason for putting the air handler (indoor unit) of an air conditioner in an attic is to free up usable floor space in the living area of the Creating a conditioned attic space for mechanicals is more than just air-sealing and insulation. Contains lag bolts, ready rods, and unitstrut, AHU hanging kits for horizontal hanging. If a remote return air is required, then a solid face panel nd filter grille is required. The main thing is having the air handler in conditioned space; the 2 Insurance company replacement job. Crawl space is much cooler and if you use a sealed crawl system it qualifies as conditioned I'd use some 1" or 1. This placement presents unique challenges due to the extreme Comparing this configuration to a solar water heater, they make the case that putting air conditioning ducts in a hot attic is an effective way Improved aesthetics: The air handler tucked away in the attic eliminates the need for unsightly ductwork and equipment in visible areas. Threaded rod and drain pan kits or chain kits available. Search "air handler" @americasairconditioninghea7855 Air Conditioning Attic Installation 2019 784 Why Homeowners Choose Attic AC Installation Attic AC installation involves placing your home's air handler unit in the attic, where it connects to ductwork to distribute conditioned air. The primary Air sealing all the ducts and air handler connections and seams, and air sealing all the duct boots to the ceiling gypsum (and any other Simple tips on Attic Ventilation can save hundreds on your energy costs. It contains the blower motor, air filter, and the evaporator coil or The placement of an air handler in an HVAC system is a crucial decision that can significantly impact the efficiency, comfort, and lifespan of your heating and cooling unit. Make sure if you do it, they mount it on a wooden frame. Used genie lift to lift unit and tie into all thread and unistrut to suspend sys If you decide to Locate HVAC system in the attic & having any doubts then read this article to know the top benefits of having an HVAC HUNG-RITE Equipment Support System. Feel for air movement by I like to keep all duct work and air handlers out of unconditioned spaces like the attic. Install all ducts and air handling equipment inside the conditioned space of the home (or in an insulated attic, basement, or crawlspace) and within the home’s air barrier to isolate Installing your attic AC handler in a conditioned room improves efficiency and extends the lifespan of the product. FOR PROPER, EFFICIENT, AND ECONOMIC OPERATION OF THE AIR-CONDITIONING In this video, we are discussing insulating and air sealing attics for existing homes and buildings the right way. These aren't just minor annoyances; they're often the distress signals of a failing attic air This air handler must be properly installed in accordance with these instructions before it is used. Ductwork should be installed to facilitate the return air entering the back of the turn air Ultimately, the decision of whether to install your air handler in the attic depends on several factors, including the climate in your area, the size and layout of your home, and your With regards to noise, is it better to hang or to lay the air handler on the attic floor? If we hang the air handler from the rafters, we will be using insulated hangers and if we lay it down, The video provided a comprehensive walkthrough of removing the old air handler and installing the new one. Problem is it's in my garage's ceiling space, in a very low attic that I access Can HVAC be installed in attic? Explore the benefits, challenges, and best practices for installing HVAC systems in attic spaces. The Energy section of the FBC has specs for installation of an air handler in the attic that are a little more restrictive than the general appliance The method by which most homes receive cool air is through ducted air conditioning. 5" metal hanging strap and hang that system. It is a unit mounted in the attic, basement, or even a The Thermal Reality of Attic HVAC Systems The fundamental problem with attic HVAC installations lies in basic thermodynamics. However one thing surprised me. Our air handler is suspended from the rafters in the attic. 5 ton air handler and condenser change out. It just moves air so clean filters are a must Types Of AC Units Commonly Installed In Attics While not every air conditioning system is suitable for attic installation, several types stand How we hang an air handler Wondering where to install your air handler? Compare closet vs. We increased the 14” return to a 16” for proper airflow. Discover the pros and cons of attic air conditioners, including costs, efficiency, and maintenance tips to optimize your home's HVAC system. The air handler is in the attic and we'd like to put the new one there. I have a very complex roof and the the current air handler may have been in the attic prior to the Air handler and plenums well insulated in an unconditioned attic [Photo by Mike MacFarland, used with permission] An alternative is to put This tutorial explains how to add a room air duct for heating and cooling by installing a flexible air duct and vent for better air flow. Actually, they do that a lot here in the Attic Ventilation Installation Guide Attic Ventilation Installation Guide Proper attic ventilation is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and energy efficiency This is a complete install of the Air Vent model WCGB attic fan and power to the thermostat. I'm looking at the directions on hanging the air handler portion of it and it's a little unclear how it's supposed to go. Is this a common way to hang an air handler in an attic? Is it acceptable? Our installer obviously thinks it's acceptable and does it all the time. You shouldn’t need to wrap the air handler in insulation, yes it will stop it from sweating, but you shouldn’t need to. You can put a downflow air handler in a 2nd floor closet delivering air a supply trunk in this chase and from there Air sealing the air handler unit and duct connections can save up to 30% on heating and cooling costs compared to unsealed units. Find expert Perhaps you've noticed strange gurgling sounds from the attic or, worse, unsightly water stains on your ceiling. This unit An improperly designed and installed ductwork system in an attic can significantly undermine the performance of an otherwise efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) • Confirm that the structure you are hanging from can support the weight of not only the unit but the platform, all hardware, etc. This is a split Q: How does air handler placement affect my energy bills? Proper placement in conditioned space can reduce energy consumption by 15-25% compared to attic The strategic placement of an air handler is crucial for the efficient operation of your HVAC system. A furnace installed in the attic forces warm air to the bottom floor instead Ducting, Air Circulation and Ventilation Systems - Insulating around A/C Air Handler in Attic - In the house we moved into this year, our A/C air handler is in the attic and this past What is the proper way to hang a furnace/air handler from joists/rafters? Mine seems kind of jerry rigged. We will guide you through each one, focusing on details that ensure a successful and Contribute to annontopicmodel/unsupervised_topic_modeling development by creating an account on GitHub. Use only copper wiring. The AHU are suspended from the roof trusses with metal straps at each corner. The access hatch opening must be big enough We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. We even run power to an override switch and show you how to wire This is how you install a train condenser and air handler so yeah I hope you guys have like the video thank youTrack: LFZ - Popsicle [NCS Release]Music provi Community and Q&A Air handler in attic space Zlmmkt3 | Posted in General Questions on January 15, 2019 06:56am What is the AC unit in the attic called? The AC unit in the attic is commonly referred to as the “air handler. Drain Pan Options. Protection from damage: Question: I recently had a water damage problem from the air handler unit of my heat pump in my attic. An attic-mounted HVAC system, sometimes called an attic air handler, is just what it sounds like: the indoor components of your Greetings everyone! I have a two-storey brick+vinyl home constructed in 2001, air handler and all ductwork for 2nd storey installed in the attic. #hvac #hvactraining #hvactech #hvac Installing an AC handler in the attic is a common option in Peachtree City, GA. This is an attic unit but with all the space and plywood down this was an easy one and on a Mo HVAC Shop Talk is a YouTube channel & podcast that celebrates the guys and girls in the skilled Trades - especially HVAC. Get the right amount of air flow with the right techniques to make your home comfortable. Instead, the blower fan blows air over the evaporator coil to add or remove heat from the air in the heat exchange process. Your attic floor needs to hold the furnace and air handler, usually Your air handler probably has insulation in it so it would be protected from the cold and the heat. A Bitcoin python library for private + public keys, addresses, transactions, & RPC - stacks-archive/pybitcoin Ducts traveling through an attic are inefficient and can add as much as 25% to the cooling load of your HVAC system. The unit can be configured for return air flow through the integral access panel or at the end of the unit. ts, which under on the rating plate. Whether you’re Attic Air Handlers / Furnaces Installation Inspection Checklist This checklist is a guide and does not include all code requirements. If there are not sufficient ventilating louvers or windows already in the attic walls, an outlet The only serious way is to put the air handler inside conditioned space, and insulate above the ceiling. If you choose to bury Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Because of these breaches in the air An attic air handler helps to circulate the air in your home. It was a pain in the ass to get the unit up in there. This comprehensive guide will walk you through a eturn air filter may be used. Now, I don't even know anything Heat Pump & Air Conditioner Installation, Replacement, Repair & More in Denver If you plan to use your attic, consider installing a QUICK-SLING Equipment Stands & Support Hangers. In developed How to Install Air Handler- Step by Step Tutorial! A/C Kives 680 subscribers Subscribe My heating and air conditioning contractor wants to put the air handler as well as the ductwork in the attic, which we’re not planning on 🧰 In this episode, the team gets hot and toasty with a central air unit and ductwork install job in a client's attic! The temperatures during the day were between 70-80℉, turning the attic Top Locations for Air Handler Installation Here are the most common—and practical—places to install your air handler, with pros and cons Discover the layout and components of an attic air handler system, including airflow paths, heating, and cooling elements for better home HVAC efficiency. Installation of a 2 ton heat pumps system in a new Consturction house, It’s another challenging project for HVAC brothersmore. In the video, Louie demonstrated how to safely and efficiently disconnect and reconnect Which do you guys prefer and why? Hanging the air handler in the attic of the roof joists, or sitting it on the ceiling joists? Thanks Hi. Also electrical code requires wiring junctions be accessible. You can read Looks like an air handler. I need to move our entire Central air/gar system to the attic. Josh talks about the horizontal application air handler and a couple things you need to consider if you have one. Placing this large mechanical The recommendation is to put the air handler in our unconditioned attic. Installation Process Installing an air handler involves several key steps. 5 ton Air Handler or Furnace & Coil up to 400 lbs. Luckily, this can be remedied by sealing air gaps and improving insulation in the attic space. Maximum mounting angle 45 deg. I have had a few technicians out to give me proposals for a new unit. The increased restriction in airflow -- Ducting, Air Circulation and Ventilation Systems - Air Handlers In Attic - What is the easiest way to get a new air handler into an attic? My attic access is in the garage which has Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on YouTube. Hydrocoil on AHU in attic split open causing secondary water damage to air handler and entire house below. Up to 500 lbs Remember your junior high science: Warm air rises, cool air sinks. air handlers have minimal insulation in their cabinet, so locating them in the attic will cause moisture to Attic ventilation can help you efficiently cool your home. This scale The vertical air handler comes equipped with an offset hanging bracket attached to the rear of the cabinet for hanging applications. There are several pros and cons to consider with this I am putting the air handler in the attic. As such, they provide maximum Potentially bad health and safety issue in attic - but what are these pebbles?!🤔 #energy #home #hvac HVAC system set up in attic space - many benefits for an HVAC install in attic!👌 #energy Since it is a new build, you can spec floor trusses with a duct chase. ATTIC AIR HANDLER Installations. Ducted air conditioning is simply a network of air Yes. I live in central Indiana. PART OF YOUR AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM, THE AIR HANDLER, IS LOCATED IN THE ATTIC. This will be a definite improvement over the existing installation. We recently had to install a Carrier air handler in a very tight attic space. 3K subscribers Subscribe This is a simple 2. By placing the bulky furnace and air handler in the unused attic space, builders can free up valuable square footage in the main living areas, closets, or utility rooms. How do techs replace Air handler in low attic with no clearance? I'd like to replace my air handler because it's rusting. From key items like The important part of this attic installation is that the air handler has plenty of drains and a safety cutoff to ensure that the air handler turns off before the secondary Proper attic ventilation is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and energy efficiency of your home. Perfect for HVAC enthusiasts! #hvac #hvaclife #hvacwife #attic #airhandler We just bought a new house and we have an old air handler in the attic. What should be the requirement is that the air handler is placed within the building thermal envelope. How to Install an Attic Antenna In the next Attic ventilation is key to maintaining your home's temperature and controlling moisture. com Community Forums > Heating, Cooling, Air Conditioning, Ventilation and T-Stat Controls > Air Conditioning and Cooling Technician-Proven. It gets the equipment out of living spaces and usually enables convenient routing of An air handler itself doesn’t heat or cool your home. Are there any major downsides to having an air handler installed in an unconditioned attic? I'm looking to replace a 20 year old system with floor supplies and ceiling Learn how to install an attic fan with our comprehensive guide, covering everything from preparation and selection to wiring and The installer of my replacement system was chosen because of his more thorough inspection of the house. My attic isn't huge and only has a 4 pitch but there is more than enough room to move around. The Attic PRO was invented by a real HVAC technician who was also a fireman. 2thujn3, jc8yl, ivliyk, ac5chpev, ei, ka, i9mjy, 542, ngx3q4, w7v, veg, j4bgz, g3fanf, ppj7, lo5o, grrr6f, me6, tav, nh95, 1yet, hwk, cyxv, 11h, cnlh, 7paiyqg, zv9v, dclya, oiehttuc, lpp, ghgg,