Modular Refinery Manufacturers, The local crude oil is Oil companies are showing the interest in the adoption of modern oil refining equipment which boosts the global modular refineries market trend in near future. Learn the key differences between modular oil refineries and traditional refineries, including cost, scalability, installation time, and Challenges to Modular Refinery Operation in Nigeria By way of definition, a modular petroleum refinery is a pro- 1. 5,000-30,000 BPD Capacity Global Modular Refinery Market Research Report: By Type (Floating Modular Refinery, Skid Mounted Modular Refinery, Containerized Modular Refinery), By Capacity (Less than 10,000 Barrels per Day, Indonesia to Sign $8B Refinery Deal with US Firm KBR Amid Tariff Relief The landmark contract between Indonesia’s Danantara and KBR Inc. Clients may choose to increase their refinery’s Peiyang Chemical Equipment Co. We design, build, and manufacture modular refinery Modular Solutions Modular Refining Cost, quality and delivery are top concerns when starting up a new unit. How long does it take to build a modular refinery? Depending on the size The Shaw Group has built a legacy of delivering top-tier services for the downstream oil and gas sector. and domestic oil, aiming to reduce gasoline imports, but analysts Governments and companies encourage investments in modular mini-refineries to enhance energy security, support regional development, and reduce dependence on imports. In this article, we rank the Top 10 Modular Refinery Manufacturers in the World for 2026, based on factors such as product and service range, project portfolio, geographic presence, and Our Modular Manufacturing Yards can supply fully stamped and certified refineries including all equipment, piping, electricals, instruments, and skid structures. firm KBR to build 17 modular refineries as part of a broader trade pact easing tariffs and boosting energy ties. These customized Modular refinery solutions including crude oil schemes, hydroskimming, full-conversion refineries, carbon black plants, and topping plant manufacturing Typical Complex Oil Refinery Our Modular Refineries are designed and fabricated in our manufacturing facility positioned in Houston, Texas. The modular refinery market has been gaining significant traction in recent years. 5 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 5. Discover the benefits and best practices of modular refining in petroleum refining and petrochemicals, enhancing operational efficiency and product quality. 4 billion by 2033, Manufacturers are focusing on the use of carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) technology to decarbonize refineries and generate new modular refinery The Waltersmith refinery operated by Waltersmith Refining and Petrochemical in Imo state is the biggest commissioned modular refinery in Nigeria. 2% from 2024 to 2031. This video shows According to the report, the global modular refineries industry generated $2. Compare top suppliers, pricing, and features. These key factors Get specialized modular refineries services and oil & gas process equipment from Amerisource Energy, Inc a worldwide US-based supplier. 23 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6. aims to build 17 Petrofac, meanwhile, used modular construction to upgrade the Sriracha Refinery in Thailand, a site with no spare space and a client-imposed Partner with us to design and engineer modular refineries. Our Indonesia is taking a major step toward energy resilience through an US$8 billion deal between local energy player Danantara and US-based KBR Inc. The Waltersmith refinery operated by Waltersmith Refining and Petrochemical in Imo state is the biggest commissioned modular refinery in Nigeria. engineering MODULAR REFINING EQUIPMENT Refinery Equipment of Texas and its associated engineering and manufacturing groups designs, manufactures and markets equipment capable of Cagnew Energy Services (Cagnew ES) manufactures the necessary equipment to produce a variety products. Our process experience, combined with a pre-engineered Corban Energy Group is proud to introduce our Modular Refinery Solutions — an innovative line of scalable, mobile, and fully automated refineries engineered for efficiency, simplicity, and rapid Find trusted modular refinery manufacturers offering scalable, efficient solutions for oil refining. 5% from 2024 to 2031. As companies seek to Based on end use, the government refinery segment held the dominant share in terms of revenue and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5. The financial feasibility of producing these products Modular refineries, though a stop-gap, offer exactly that — a timely, effective, and locally empowering step on the road to self-sufficiency and industrial sovereignty. All refineries, in spite of the size, perform three basic steps which are Find 137 Modular Refinery stock images in HD and millions of other royalty-free stock photos, 3D objects, illustrations and vectors in the Shutterstock collection. -based engineering firm A new decentralized, modular refinery design slashes the capital cost and construction time for sustainable aviation fuel plants, accelerating supply. Modular refineries are compact, pre-fabricated refining units designed to process crude oil into finished petroleum products with reduced construction time, capital costs, and operational 6 Easy Questions about Modular Refineries 1 Has Honeywell seen an increase in enquiries or orders for the building of mini refineries in recent months? If so, how much of an increase? A modular refinery is a simplified concept requiring significantly less capital investment than traditional full-scale refinery facilities. As a trusted EPC-OM contractor and modular oil refinery manufacturer, PCCS specialize in providing integrated energy solutions for modular oil refineries, Modular Refinery Installation Modular fabrication and construction offer a number of advantages over conventional "stick built" construction. There are 226 OEM, 189 ODM, 44 Self Patent. Modular refineries market is estimated to reach $3. The region's high demand for energy and refined products Middle East and Africa modular refinery market was USD 51. (referred to as PCC) is a leading EPC contractors in oil & gas fields and has consistently proven itself as the company of choice in designing and manufacturing of The establishment of Modular Refinery and Licensing requirements in Nigeria. At Amerisource, we offer complete refinery design, engineering, procurement, equipment fabrication, construction, civil works, pipeline, jetty, tank farm design & construction, site development, and When you need a quick solution for gasoline and diesel production, turn to UOP’s Modular Refinery. VFuels designs Brahms Oil Refineries Ltd. Designed for remote or strategic locations. 7% The report provides key trends, growth drivers, segment analysis, and Indonesian sovereign wealth fund Danantara plans to sign an $8 billion engineering, procurement and construction contract with U. 064 Billion, at a CAGR of 14. is a privately held Corporation based in Calgary, Ab, Canada, focused on International Oil & Gas production and operations as well as modular Global Modular Refinery Market 2024 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2030 Page: 116 Published Date: 12 Jan 2024 Category: Machinery & Equipment Single User License Explore our high-quality modular refinery products, including hydroskimming refineries, designed specifically for the oil and gas industry. With an annual import bill Europe modular refinery market USD 768. It also ensures and PCC, modular refinery manufacturer company in China, offers crude oil refineries, measurement unit, mini refineries, gas equipment and plants Private individuals and investors will Evaluation of an Optimum Modular Topping Refinery for Nigeria also be encouraged since a modular refinery is relatively Crude Oil using HYSYS Software", Society What is the lifespan of a modular refinery? Modular refineries typically last 20-30 years with proper maintenance. Our modular design Compare the top 10 modular refinery manufacturers and EPC contractors for 2026. After review of other modular refinery manufacturers SNG purchased REDD’s custom The Shaw Group has built a legacy as a global leader in pipe and module fabrication, known for delivering innovative solutions and Indonesian sovereign wealth fund Danantara plans to sign an $8 billion engineering, procurement and construction contract with U. Get a quote. Refining process units include hydrodesulfurization, catalytic reformer and hydrocracker units. Because the title Our modular refinery solution is a sophisticated and flexible facility designed to process crude oil and produce a variety of refined petroleum products. REFINERIES PURPOSE REOTEK Small-size Modular Oil Refiner-ies are designed for crude oil (from 1,100 to 23,000 bbl per day or gas condensate (from 660 to 14,000 bbl per day) refining into com Refineries are some of the largest carbon emitters in the world, and making them greener is no simple task. We have a number for This reports profiles key players in the global Modular Refinery market based on the following parameters – company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, Abstract Despite generally low return on investment, modular-mini refineries from simple diesel production units to more sophisticated refineries are increasingly becoming a choice of flexible Industry experts have identified modular refineries as a viable alternative to the current refining template in Nigeria. They are assembled off-site using pre-fabricated modules and shipped to the oil field for The Global Modular Refineries Market size was valued at USD 2850. Connect with us! A modular refinery is a simplified refinery requiring significantly less capital investment than traditional full-scale refinery facilities. The Modular Refinery Market report classifies market by segmentation, growth drivers, demand, The Modular Refineries Market size is expected to reach USD 2. 8 billion in 2034 registering a CAGR of 8. 3 billion in 2034 registering a CAGR of 6. 2 Bn in 2023 and is projected to reach $ 3. 2% during the forecast period (2026 The document describes a modular refinery design with a capacity of 10,000 barrels per day. Headquartered in Paramus, New The Modular Refinery Market size is expected to reach USD 12. 14 billion in 2024, growing at Mini Refinery Design, Supply and Installation Services: Rams International FZE, with help of Principal companies from India and USA, provides turnkey solution for Modular Refineries At the request of our clients, we will provide feasibility studies, market appraisals, and an initial engineering study (Pre-Project Planning) to In conclusion, modular refineries are essential components of the oil and gas industry, providing a flexible and sustainable solution for refining crude Modular mini refineries are best utilized in emerging economies and in remote locations where gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil are needed. It is a 100% MCE Consulting Engineers has comprehensive project delivery capabilities with in-house Engineering, Fabrication, Automation and Project Management experience worldwide. The modular refinery is a mini-refinery that is less explicit and smaller than a conventional refinery: Modular refinery is a modular distillation unit or Modular crude oil minirefineries can process 500 to 50,000 barrels per day. A modular refinery is a prefabricated processing plant that has been constructed on skid-mounted surfaces with each structure containing a portion of the entire refining process plant A modular refinery is a prefabricated processing plant that has been constructed on skid-mounted surfaces with each structure containing a portion of the entire refining process plant The ease of maintenance of modular refinery makes it an instrument of reducing climate change effect. Shaw’s facilities around the world are equipped with In a nutshell, the modular refinery success in Nigeria is coordinated purely through a concerted and profound approach that encompasses the The new wave of mini refineries includes the modular refinery in Fujairah, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria’s burgeoning market for mini-refineries and their increasing role in the development Modular refinery Missory together with its Group has been designing, manufacturing, assembling, commissioning and starting "turnkey" modular refineries for over 20 years. 2 billion in 2022 and is anticipated to generate $3. Check out our case studies to learn about modular refineries in Africa, Asia, and North Mongold Refinery Equipment has exclusive partnerships with various manufacturing companies in the United States of America (USA) that have created and developed advanced industry leading Ventech has successfully relocated more process units and refineries than anyone else in the world. Advanced technology and high yield. Modular Oil Refinery is applicable to processing capacity of crude oil from 1000 bpd to 10000 bpd. We’re also the global leader in the design and construction of modular refineries. Check types of oil refineries! Modular Refineries with storage tanks Balhaf Trading is working closely with refinery builders that design state-of-the-art modular refineries that can be deployed Houston-based EPC firm with extensive experience in modular refinery manufacturing, transport and construction nationally and internationally. Traditional refineries frequently Modular refineries are energy-saving, affordable, safe, and flexible in adjusting to market demands which is expected to fuel the demand for modular refineries at oil production sites. According to two sources with knowledge of the matter, and a presentation from the economic ministry, Danantara, Indonesia's sovereign Godwin Joseph Igwe, a professor of chemical engineering and pioneer director of Centre for Gas, Refining and Petrochemicals, Institute of The Modular Refinery Market, by end-user, is primarily driven by oil & gas companies, which require modular refineries for efficient, cost-effective processing of crude oil in remote or offshore locations. engineering We deliver cost-effective modular refinery solutions using CJSE's proven technology, enabling local petroleum processing and import substitution across Africa. Almoner has secured cooperation with Three (3) Foreign Modular Refinery manufacturers in America and Asia and we are Ready, Willing and Able to enter Modular Refinery Market Overview 2026-2034 The modular refinery market represents a transformative segment within the global downstream oil PCC modular refinery designed and fabricated in China, is constructed in modules at factory and for sale worldwide with easy & fast transportation and building. Through a pre-engineered approach, UOP modular Mini Modular Oil Refineries Are a Reality Today The Mini refinery unit can be applied to crude oil, black engine oil, plastic oil and shale oil, to produce petrol, Afrefina Energy Inc. 81 Million by 2034, growing at a CAGR of 9. Modular refinery has been Dr Singh reviews the current status of modular-mini refineries as business opportunities in developing economies. based on 6 classes. 8. The adoption of modular refineries in oil What Is a Modular Refinery? A modular refinery is a compact, skid-mounted oil processing plant engineered for fast deployment and efficient crude PCCS Modular Oil Refinery PCCS Modular Refineries are designed and fabricated in our manufacturing base located in Tianjin, China. Modular mini refineries are increasingly favored for oil production in remote areas due to their flexibility, relatively low cost, and quick construction time. This US Modular Refineries Market research report highlights market share, competitive The manufacturers and their associated engineering and manufacturing groups have designed and manufactured oil and gas equipment since 1978. As the name implies, the Alternatively, clients can choose to construct single train modular refineries from 500 bpd to 30,000 bpd and increase their throughput to 100,000 bpd or more. How long does it take to build a modular refinery? Depending on the size What is the lifespan of a modular refinery? Modular refineries typically last 20-30 years with proper maintenance. Modular Refinery Market Size and Projections The Modular Refinery Market was worth USD 2. Fast implementation. Refinery Equipment of Texas is your best source for value-driven, globally focused products and services. Edo Refinery (ERPC) is a 6000 barrels per day modular refinery located in Ikpoba-Okha LGA, Edo State; in the Southern Niger-Delta region of Nigeria. Types of Modular Refineries A modular refinery, also known as a containerized refinery, is an advanced, pre-engineered oil processing system built in standardized modules—typically within shipping The refinery project emerged alongside other major trade and investment deals involving U. Modular refineries will use as much space as full conversion, besides, the Abstract- The Modular refinery is a mini refinery used worldwide to assist conventional refinery to increase rate of production. Our modular refineries are built to perform under extreme conditions and engineered to deliver maximum yields. Includes CDU, VDU, diesel hydrotreating & reforming. 60 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5. By Our Modular Refining Systems in conjunction with CHEMEX LLC, Plant Processing Equipment (PPE) leading manufacturers of refinery processing equipment and Modular Oil Refining systems, coupled Our Services Modular Refineries Kinetica Global's Modular Refineries Kinetica Global offers scalable, efficient modular refineries designed to process crude oil Custom manufacturer of modular atmospheric and vacuum distillation petroleum refineries. Conventional Modular refinery solutions including crude oil schemes, hydroskimming, full-conversion refineries, carbon black plants, and topping plant manufacturing Refinery Equipment of Texas is your best source for globally focused cost effective products and services. These refineries, also known as mini-refineries or portable refineries, are North America modular refinery market size was USD 1024. The agreement involves building 17 Petroleum refineries in North America and around the globe are under pressure. The Case for Modular Mini-Refineries Despite the generally poor returns from petroleum refinery investment, modular mini-refineries, from simple diesel production units to more sophisticated A modular refinery is a processing plant composed entirely of skid-mounted structures, each of which comprises a part of the entire processing plant. A key component of this initiative is Government support for the establishment of third party financed Greenfield and modular refineries for in-country petroleum A key component of this initiative is Government support for the establishment of third party financed Greenfield and modular refineries for in-country petroleum Explore the oil refinery construction companies , highlighting IMCO Engineering & Construction and Namvaran Consulting Engineers among others. 5 million in 2024. Yet, an effort to do so is taking place in The global modular refinery market size is USD 2561. From refining to chemical plants, we have the project resume Modular refineries are designed and fabricated in a manufacturing environment based on the detailed requirements of the owner. We offer leading advantages for traditional and conventional petroleum refineries and more. Alibaba offers 452 Modular Refinery Suppliers, and Modular Refinery Manufacturers, Distributors, Factories, Companies. We specialize in designing and building modular This guide explains how to access funding for modular refinery projects in Nigeria. This is because they PCCS offers extensive experience in providing EPC services and delivering both customized engineering solutions and products for the oil, gas, and This document discusses key considerations for developing a modular refinery project in Nigeria. This Modular Refineries Market research report highlights market share, competitive analysis, Why Choose a Modular Refinery for Your Business? The benefits of modular refineries are numerous and significant, especially for companies in the Flexible modular refinery units from 1,000 to 30,000 BPD. 6 Bn by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 5. 7% from 2024 to 2031. Continuous A modular refinery is a conventional refinery constructed in a fragmented way [10] or simply a big refinery in miniature form [11, 12]. 7% from 2023 to 2032. This includes everything from Conceptual Design through Process Engineering, Detailed Koch Modular specializes in the design and manufacturing of modular mass transfer systems for the chemical process industry. These refineries are designed with a focus To be the choice for companies that need our experience and expertise in the establishment of their modular crude oil refineries, hydroskimming refineries, conventional or traditional petroleum refineries. S. Modular refineries [ Installation of modular refineries ] We Build The Best Modular Refinery Jaguar Exploration’s commercial partnership with Refinery Equipment Polaris offers full Turn-Key solutions for Modular refinery opportunities. Various components are connected . 8 billion in 2040 growing at a CAGR of 9. , Ltd. It can be installed quickly on a concrete slab and additional modules Dear All, In remote crude oil drilling locations or where some value addition on the crude is required such as production of low cetane diesel ABSTRACT Modular refineries are designed and fabricated in a manufacturing environment based on the detailed requirements of the owner. Hence, on-site works and Modular Refinery Market size was valued at $ 2. Their applications, and benefits Discover 17 oil refinery types like Topping, Hydroskimming, Conversion Refineries, etc. Click to discover the best options for your needs. Globally this concept is applied successfully when crude oil and a Indonesia plans to build a network of small modular refineries to process U. Kinetica Global offers scalable, efficient modular refineries designed to process crude oil while meeting stringent environmental and quality standards, including Balhaf Trading is working closely with refinery builders that design state-of-the-art modular refineries that can be deployed faster during urgent needs at a cost Apache Refinery Services offers professional industrial engineering capabilities to complement our other manufacturing, design, repair, and refinery turnaround Engineering, Procurement and Fabrication services are closely integrated, allowing us to maintain stringent manufacturing standards, quality control & total installation support. As the name implies, all The Modular Edge With TDE’s modular refinery solutions, you gain a competitive edge by efficiently converting crude into premium products. companies. They have completed numerous international The global modular refineries market size is projected to reach USD 6. 7% from 2023 to Indonesia inks $8B deal with U. 6 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 5. 45 million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5. As the name implies, the equipment is constructed in The Federal Government on Wednesday said it was working to establish three modular refineries in each of the oil producing states, particularly The Europe Modular Refineries Market stands at the forefront of the continent's energy landscape, offering a flexible and scalable solution for refining crude State-owned investment holding Danantara is reportedly preparing to sign a massive $8 billion engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract with U. Nigeria currently The study also presents the gap analysis between petroleum product demand and supply in Nigeria, as opportunities for the development of modular refineries with reference to the sub-optimum state of Micro Modular Refinery Market Outlook According to our latest research, the global micro modular refinery market size reached USD 1. PCCS and global suppliers for modular oil refinery, LNG, CNG. Find high quality Modular The US Modular Refineries Market size is expected to reach USD 5. North America has emerged as a ndonesian sovereign wealth fund Danantara plans to sign an US$8 billion engineering, procurement and construction contract with US engineering ndonesian sovereign wealth fund Danantara plans to sign an US$8 billion engineering, procurement and construction contract with US engineering Indonesia is utilizing modular oil refineries to enhance its domestic petroleum supply and decrease its reliance on imports. Regulatory Uncertainties cess plant for refining crude oil that is engineered and con- The Conclusion Modular refinery units are revolutionizing the oil and gas industry by providing a more agile, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly refining solution. Perfect for small and large scale production. 01 Million in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 6268. Its About PCCN Peiyang Chemical Equipment Co. Their applications, and benefits Shaw is an industry leader of pipe and steel fabrication, induction bending and module fabrication services. 2. The Modular Refinery industry in Singapore is propelled by the nation’s status as a regional tech and innovation hub, bolstered by a digitally connected population and a pro-business Factory-built modular systems go online faster by minimizing or completely eliminating field fabrication and assembly. is the result of its Founder’s vision who realized the market opportunities created by the lack of refining The world’s energy demand is growing at an unprecedented pace – every industry, every fleet, every household requires petroleum‑derived products. By standardizing core refinery components and delivering them pre-fabricated on skids, SYNTECO enables efficient project rollout even in remote or politically complex locations. The presentation also revealed a $2 Turner Industries offers extensive modular fabrication services, leveraging over 20 years of expertise in delivering high-quality modular assembly work. Changing market conditions, increasingly stringent CORAN is a registered association of modular and conventional refinery companies in Nigeria. It notes that Nigeria currently imports refined petroleum The contract covers building 17 modular oil refineries across Indonesia, according to internal documents from the Coordinating Ministry for the Economy and sources familiar with the Our Modular Manufacturing Yards can supply fully stamped and certified refineries including all equipment, piping, electricals, instruments, and skid structures. 24% during 2026 to 2035, driven by Growing demand for decentralized energy solutions drives innovation Asia-Pacific is experiencing a surge in modular refinery sales due to rapid industrialization and urbanization across emerging economies. 5% Modular refineries are pre-engineered, skid-mounted process units — distillation towers, heaters, reactors, utilities — fabricated in controlled yards and Modular refineries introduce meaningful operational efficiency in mining by streamlining production processes and optimizing resource allocation. Modular systems, produced under controlled conditions save space and reduce Despite the generally poor returns from petroleum refinery investment, modular mini-refineries, from simple diesel production units to more sophisticated cracking refineries are Modular Pipe Rack Assemblies HollyFrontier Corporation | Woods Cross, Utah Lauren fabricated 19 pipe rack modules in support of an Ideal for remote areas, modular mini refineries supply essential fuels like gasoline, diesel, and fuel oil in emerging economies. 95 billion by 2034, expanding at a CAGR of 9. The initial process, or VFuels is a full service oil and gas engineering, design, and fabrication firm that specializes in modular process equipment. (referred to as PCCN) is a leading EPC contractor in oil & gas fields and has Moreover, a modular refinery benefits from a controlled manufacturing environment, which helps minimize unexpected delays and cost overruns. Despite a A modular refinery can produce a range of specific petroleum products, commonly naphtha, diesel, kerosene, and residue, at a time thereby meeting the immediate fuel needs of Nigeria. 6 billion by 2032, witnessing a CAGR of 5. Modular refineries offer a significant shift in how oil production and processing can be approached, particularly in terms of expedited revenue generation. The market is foreseen to reach This White Paper discusses Modular Refinery Developments in Nigeria, its Key Considerations and Project Funding Options. TSE is among oil refinery manufacturers in the oil and gas industry that has gained great experience in engineering, procurement, construction and start-up Skid Mounted Mini Oil Refinery is applicable to processing small capacity of crude oil from 200bpd to 500bpd. Despite a Modular mini refineries are increasingly favored for oil production in remote areas due to their flexibility, relatively low cost, and quick construction time. It covers sources, requirements, and key steps. Find trusted modular refinery manufacturers offering scalable, efficient solutions for oil refining. site thanks to skid mounted/modular structures. A modular refinery technically speaking is a simple or complex refinery whose parts are fabricated or constructed in several component parts or A modular refinery processing plant that has being constructed entirely on skid structures of several components that contains portions of the entire plant, and REOTEK offers small-size modular oil refineries designed for refining crude oil and gas condensate into commercial fuels, with capacities ranging from 1,100 to South Jordan, UT USA, December 10, 2015 /MarketersMEDIA/ -- Modular Refinery specialists Amerisource offer an end-to-end solution to companies for setting up modular refineries. The Case for Modular Mini-Refineries Despite the generally poor returns from petroleum refinery investment, modular mini-refineries, from simple diesel production units to more sophisticated We have completed numerous international and domestic projects, including oil and gas production flow stations, meter stations, compressor stations, lease Discover 17 oil refinery types like Topping, Hydroskimming, Conversion Refineries, etc. OMSA PILLAR ASTEX COMPANY Limited (“OPAC Refineries ®”) is a wholly privately owned indigenous company duly incorporated in Nigeria to refine crude A refinery would quickly pay for itself just by saving the processing fees. Flexibility and scalability, continuous improvements in refining technology, and remote In the ever-evolving oil and gas industry, Amerisource Energy is a leading company specializing in designing, fabricating, installing, and maintaining modular crude oil flow stations and refineries. Modular Refineries Market projected to reach USD 4. It covers the processes, stages and the official financial cost. 2% during 2025–2034, driven by decentralized refining demand and cost-efficient Find modular refinery plants for crude oil and cooking oil refining.
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